Strengths
Formal Definition
The strength declaration construct is used for modeling net type
variables for a close correspondence with physical wires.
Simplified Syntax
(Strength1, Strength0)
(Strength0, Strength1)
Strength1:
supply1, strong1, pull1, large1,
weak1, medium1, small1, highz1
Strength0:
supply0, strong0, pull0, large0,
weak0, medium0, small0, highz0
Description
Strengths can be used to resolve which value should appear on a net
or gate output.
There are two types of strengths: drive strengths (Example
1) and charge strengths (Example
2). The drive strengths can be used for nets (except trireg
net), gates, and UDPs. The charge strengths can be used only for trireg
nets. The drive strength types are supply,
strong, pull,
weak, and highz
strengths. The charge strength types are large,
medium and small strengths.
All strengths can be ordered by their value. The supply
strength is the strongest and the highz
strength is the weakest strength level. Strength value can be
displayed by system tasks ($display,
$monitor - by using of the
%v characters - see Display tasks for more explanation).
|
Strength |
Value |
Value displayed by display tasks |
|
supply |
7 |
Su |
|
strong |
6 |
St |
|
pull |
5 |
Pu |
|
large |
4 |
La |
|
weak |
3 |
We |
|
medium |
2 |
Me |
|
small |
1 |
Sm |
|
highz |
0 |
HiZ |
Table 23 Strengths ordered by value
If two or more drivers drive a signal then it will have the value of
the strongest driver (Example 3).
If two drivers of a net have the same strength and value, then the
net result will have the same value and strength (Example
4).
If two drivers of a net have the same strength but different values
then signal value will be unknown and it will have the same strength
as both drivers (Example 5).
If one of the drivers of a net has an H or L value, then signal value
will be n1n2X, where n1
is the strength value of the driver that has the smaller strength,
and n2 is strength value of
driver that has the larger strength (Example
6).
The combinations (highz0, highz1)
and (highz1, highz0)
are illegal.
Examples
Example 1
and (strong1, weak0) b(o,
i1, i2);
Instance of and gate with strong1
strength and weak0 strength specified.
Example 2
trireg (medium)
t;
The charge strength declaration for trireg net.
Example 3
buf (strong1,
weak0) g1 (y, a);
buf (pull1,
supply0) g2 (y, b);
If a = 0 and b = 0 then y will be 0 with supply
strength because both gates will set y to 0 and supply
(7) strength has bigger value than weak
(3) strength.
If a = 0 and b = 1 then y will be 1 with pull
strength because g1 will set y to 0 with weak
(3) strength and g2 will set y to 1 with pull
(5) strength (pull strength is stronger than the weak strength).
If a = 1 and b = 0 then y will be 0 with supply
strength because g1 will set y to 1 with strong
(6) strength and g2 will set y to 0 with supply
(7) strength (supply strength is stronger than the strong strength).
If a = 1 and b = 1 then y will be 1 with strong
strength because g1 will set y to 1 with strong
(6) strength and g2 will set y to 1 with pull
(5) strength.
Example 4
buf (strong1,
weak0) g1 (y, a);
buf (strong1,
weak0) g1 (y, b);
If a = 0 and
b = 0 then y will be 0 with weak strength.
If a = 1 and
b = 1 then y will be 1 with strong strength.
Example 5
buf (strong1,
weak0) g1 (y, a);
buf (weak1,
strong0) g1 (y, b);
If a = 1 and b = 0 then y will be x with strong strength.
Example 6
bufif0 (strong1,
weak0) g1 (y, i1, ctrl);
bufif0 (strong1,
weak0) g2 (y, i2, ctrl);
If ctrl = x, i1 = 0, and i2 = 1 then y will be x with 36X
strength, because g1 will set y to L with strong
strength (StL - 6) and g2 will set y to H with weak
strength (WeH - 3).
Important Notes
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